Notes
Palestine (1920-1940)
Palestinians unhappy Zionists immigrate Palestinians vs Jewish
The Peel Commission
Palestinians were not happy- fought back White Paper
Tells Palestinians to sit tight- we are going to suspend Jewish immigration “Black Paper”
Come into effect in 1948- after British Mandate ends David Ben Gurion- First President of Isreal Dismay in the Arab world
Arab out gunned and out planned Israel smashed Arab Palestinians want their homes back Israelis say its' their home now Terror attacks seen since the Arab-Israeli war Israel has flourished 1970's and up the politics have been disjointed Major discussion about two state solution King Faruk- Egypt Tried to be a secular leader US puppet Hated by the people of Egypt Ousted by Gamal Nasser Gamal Nasser -Deal with Egypts energy problems -Major public works -Needs money- talks to the USA and USSR -Aswan Dam -USA finds out about Nasser borrowing money from USSR and pulls out -Calls up China because he needs money to build Aswan Dam -China suggests that they become communist -Suez Canal as a way to make money to fund Aswan Dam -Owned by English and French cooperations The Suez Canal -Built by British and France -Nasser nationalizes (state ownership) the canal uses funds to build the Aswan Dam. -1956 in the world - Soviet invasion of Budapest -Nagy (Hungarian leader) pushes for democratic reform -If Khrushchev allows it to carry on, may result in 'domino theory' -other nations will strive for the same reform -Khrushchev must stop this uprising in Budapest The Suez Crisis
Built to make travel through the horn of Africa easier Nasser nationalizes the canal and uses funds to build the Aswan dam Hungary moves towards deomocratic reforms (Nagy) Soviets kill thousands- Whole world is watching (communism looks bad) British, French and Israel team up to take back the Suez Canal Octover 1956- attack USA is extremely angry because they did not warn them- Whole world shifts attention (democracy looks bad) Canada comes in with the UN and Lester Pearson and creates Peace Keepers (uncomfortable cease fire) The Six Day War |
Egypt gets allies- Syria, Jordan, Egypt Goal is to make Israel cease to exist Isreal attacks Egypt Israelis launch an air strike on Egypts air forces for 6 hours (war is over) Smash syrians in the north and occupy the entire Sinai peninsula, West bank, Gaza strip and the Golan Heights (all of Palestine is now Israeli) Gaza is used as a refugee camp Creates a massive refugee crisis Refugees form the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) People in PLO have NOTHING left to loose Terrorism- new form of war Invented by the PLO in response to Israeli occupation of the Middle East Palesinians believe that the only way to get their voice heard is through terrorist attacks Hijacking
Attacks-
Soviets back Syria US backs Israel USA sends emergancy funds and materials to Israel Galvanizes Arab opinion Israel holds onto most of Land except for areas around the Suez Canal Sedat is labelled as a hero in Egypt He gets American support Agreement include Israel vacating the Suez Canal OPEC- Oil and petrolem exporting countries (Middle East)
Response to the 6 day war Formed in 1967 because the West was increasing its oil use by 5% every year at very low costs The Shah of Iran was the most outspoken critic (Shah= King) The embargo backfires through trade relationships 1973-
USA finds oil in the Gulf of Mexico and Alaska
Led by Ayatollah Khomeini The Shah is now out (seen as a puppet of the US- later found in exile in US) Puts pressure on the American Saudi-Arabia relationship (tight relationship, allies)- Pure buisness relationship Ayatollah refers to the US as the "great satan"
Iran- Iraq War
Backed by American promises of money Momey coming in will out way the public relations cost
Agreement was reached- Egyptian control of the Siani Peninsula and the Gaza Strip In response Egypt officially recongnizes Israel Egypt is ostrazied by the Arab world Seen as a hero by the West Sedat is assasinated in Egypt |
Summary
From 1920 to 1947, the British Empire had a mandate over Palestine. At that time, Palestine included all of Israel and today’s Occupied Territories, of Gaza, West Bank, etc. The increasing number of Jewish people immigrating to the “Holy Land” increased tensions in the region.
Quotes
"We shall not enter Palestine with its soil covered in sand, we shall enter it with its soil saturated in blood" -President of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser
Three Words:
Discrimination
Violence
Terror
Violence
Terror
Two Questions:
Where would most of the Jewish population be established if the creation of Israel was inexistent ?
If the British gave the Palestine's their land they wanted and if the Jewish people were moved to another place like Madagascar, how would that change the conflicts today?
If the British gave the Palestine's their land they wanted and if the Jewish people were moved to another place like Madagascar, how would that change the conflicts today?
One metaphor:
The middle east is a sickness that never ends
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